Kamis, 20 Juni 2013
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The kanji for "manga".
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The term manga (kanji: 漫画; hiragana: まんが; katakana: マンガ) is a Japanese word referring both to comics and cartooning. "Manga" as a term used outside Japan refers specifically to comics originally published in Japan.
Manga-influenced comics, among original works, exist in other parts of the world, particularly in Taiwan ("manhua"), South Korea ("manhwa"), and China, notably Hong Kong ("manhua"). In France, "la nouvelle manga" has developed as a form of bande dessinée comics drawn in styles influenced by manga.
In Japan, people of all ages read manga. The medium includes works in a broad range of genres: action-adventure, romance, sports and games, historical drama, comedy, science fiction and fantasy, mystery, suspense, detective, horror, sexuality, and business/commerce, among others. Since the 1950s, manga has steadily become a major part of the Japanese publishing industry, representing a ¥406 billion market in Japan in 2007 (approximately $3.6 billion) and ¥420 billion ($5.5 billion) in 2009. Manga have also gained a significant worldwide audience. In Europe and the Middle East the market is worth $250 million.
Anime (Japanese: アニメ, [a.ni.me])
are Japanese
animated
productions featuring hand-drawn or computer animation. Anime
includes animated television series, short films and full-length feature films. The word is the abbreviated
pronunciation of "animation" in Japanese.
In English, the term is defined as a Japanese-disseminated animation style often characterized by colorful graphics,
vibrant characters and fantastic themes. The intended meaning of the
term sometimes varies depending on the context.While the earliest known Japanese animation dates to 1917, and many original Japanese animations were produced in the ensuing decades, the characteristic anime style developed in the 1960s—notably with the work of Osamu Tezuka—and became known outside Japan in the 1980s.
Anime, like manga, has a large audience in Japan and recognition throughout the world. Distributors can release anime via television broadcasts, directly to video, or theatrically, as well as online.
Both hand-drawn and computer-animated anime exist. It is used in television series, films, video, video games, commercials, and Internet-based releases, and represents most, if not all, genres of fiction. As the market for anime increased in Japan, it also gained popularity in East and Southeast Asia. Anime is currently popular in many different regions around the world.
